{"id":124,"date":"2026-08-04T14:25:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T06:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/?p=124"},"modified":"2026-08-04T14:25:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T06:25:43","slug":"%e3%80%90python%e3%80%91%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e4%b8%8e%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/2026\/08\/04\/%e3%80%90python%e3%80%91%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e4%b8%8e%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Python\u3011\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>Python \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a <strong><em>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/em><\/strong>\uff08\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\uff09\u548c <strong><em>\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/em><\/strong>\uff08\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5168\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e14\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08id\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1<\/h5>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u673a\u5236 \/ \u7279\u5f81<\/th>\n<th>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b (Immutable)<\/th>\n<th>\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b (Mutable)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58\u7279\u5f81<\/td>\n<td>\u4fee\u6539\u503c\u4f1a\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\uff0cid \u6539\u53d8<\/td>\n<td>\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u503c\uff0cid \u4e0d\u53d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>int, float, str, tuple, bool<\/td>\n<td>list, dict, set<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a dict \u7684\u952e\u6216 set \u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\uff08\u4f1a\u62a5 TypeError\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<td>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u4e0d\u6015\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">num1 = 100\nprint(&quot;num1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(num1))\nnum1 = 101\nprint(&quot;num1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(num1))\n\nnum2 = 100.123\nprint(&quot;num2\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(num2))\nnum2 = 200.123\nprint(&quot;num2\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(num2))\n\nstr1 = &quot;hello&quot;\nprint(&quot;str1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(str1))\nstr1 = &quot;nihao&quot;\nprint(&quot;str1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(str1))\n\nnames = (&quot;laowang&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nprint(&quot;names\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(names))\nnames = (&quot;lisi&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nprint(&quot;names\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(names))\n\nflag = False\nprint(&quot;flag\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(flag))\nflag = True\nprint(&quot;flag\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(flag))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>num1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4367530008\nnum1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4367530040\nnum2\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4369231056\nnum2\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4369230384\nstr1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4371145584\nstr1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4371145872\nnames\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4370213888\nnames\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4370299712\nflag\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4367524008\nflag\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4367524040<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a: int, float, str, tuple, bool \u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u503c\u540e\u90fd<strong><em>\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5730\u5740<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f:\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u7528&#8221;\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5730\u5740&#8221;,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u5185\u5b58,\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><em>\u9996\u5148,\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u6e05\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/em><\/strong>\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08Hash\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a Python \u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(1)\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u88ab\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\nPython \u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff08dict\uff09\u548c\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u77ac\u95f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u51ed\u8bc1\u7684\u201c\u952e\uff08Key\uff09\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u503c\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6700\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff1f\n\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u62ff\u6765\u5f53\u5b57\u5178 Key \u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 {&#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;Jack&#8221;}\uff09\u548c\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 {101: &#8220;\u5546\u54c1A&#8221;}\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u53d8\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u5982\u679c str \u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u7528 str1 = &#8220;name&#8221; \u4f5c\u4e3a Key \u5b58\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u4f60\u628a str1 \u539f\u5730\u6539\u6210\u4e86 &#8220;age&#8221;\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e5f\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u7528 &#8220;name&#8221; \u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff1a\u201c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff01\u201d\u3002\u6574\u4e2a Python \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u762b\u75ea\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 str, int, float, tuple, bool \u80fd\u591f\u7a33\u7a33\u5f53\u5f53\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7 O(1) \u7684\u5feb\u901f\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u5c31\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u201c\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(2)\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u9a7b\u7559\u4e0e\u590d\u7528\u201d\uff08\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u4e07\u6b21\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &#8220;id&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u90fd\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5403\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u590d\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0cPython \u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u8ba9\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6574\u6570 1 \u6216\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &#8220;hello&#8221;\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u8c61\u6c60\u548c\u9a7b\u7559\u6c60\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5982\u679c int \u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0ca = 1 \u4e14 b = 1 \u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f60\u6267\u884c a += 1 \u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684 1 \u6539\u6210 2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u539f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d8\u91cf b \u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d8\u6210 2\uff01\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u584c\u4e86\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b int, float, str, tuple, bool \u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u62d3\u5c55\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">num1 = 100\nprint(&quot;num1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(num1))\nnum1 = 101\nprint(&quot;num1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(num1))\nnum11 = 100\nnum12 = 101\nprint(&quot;num11\u7684id:&quot;, id(num11))\nprint(&quot;num12\u7684id:&quot;, id(num12))\n\nnum2 = 100.123\nprint(&quot;num2\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(num2))\nnum2 = 200.123\nprint(&quot;num2\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(num2))\nnum21 = 100.123\nnum22 = 200.123\nprint(&quot;num21\u7684id:&quot;, id(num21))\nprint(&quot;num22\u7684id:&quot;, id(num22))\n\nstr1 = &quot;hello&quot;\nprint(&quot;str1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(str1))\nstr1 = &quot;nihao&quot;\nprint(&quot;str1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(str1))\nstr11 = &quot;hello&quot;\nstr12 = &quot;nihao&quot;\nprint(&quot;str11\u7684id:&quot;, id(str11))\nprint(&quot;str12\u7684id:&quot;, id(str12))\n\nnames = (&quot;laowang&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nprint(&quot;names\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(names))\nnames = (&quot;lisi&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nprint(&quot;names\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(names))\nnames1 = (&quot;laowang&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nnames2 = (&quot;lisi&quot;, &quot;zhangsan&quot;)\nprint(&quot;names1\u7684id:&quot;, id(names1))\nprint(&quot;names2\u7684id:&quot;, id(names2))\n\nflag = False\nprint(&quot;flag\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did:&quot;, id(flag))\nflag = True\nprint(&quot;flag\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid:&quot;, id(flag))\nflag1 = False\nflag2 = True\nprint(&quot;flag1\u7684id:&quot;, id(flag1))\nprint(&quot;flag2\u7684id:&quot;, id(flag2))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>num1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4378310680\nnum1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4378310712\nnum11\u7684id: 4378310680\nnum12\u7684id: 4378310712\nnum2\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4380011728\nnum2\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4380011056\nnum21\u7684id: 4380011728\nnum22\u7684id: 4380011056\nstr1\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4381927600\nstr1\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4381927888\nstr11\u7684id: 4381927600\nstr12\u7684id: 4381927888\nnames\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4380994560\nnames\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4381080384\nnames1\u7684id: 4380994560\nnames2\u7684id: 4381080384\nflag\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u524did: 4378304680\nflag\u6539\u53d8\u503c\u540eid: 4378304712\nflag1\u7684id: 4378304680\nflag2\u7684id: 4378304712<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e:\n(1)num1\u4e0enum11\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(2)num1\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e0enum12\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(3)num2\u4e0enum21\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(4)num2\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e0enum22\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(5)str1\u7684\u503c\u4e0estr11\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(6)str1\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e0estr12\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(7)names\u7684\u503c\u4e0enames1\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(8)names\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e0enames2\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(9)flag\u7684\u503c\u4e0eflag1\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\n(10)flag\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e0eflag2\u503c\u76f8\u540c,id\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6,\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u8d4b\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf,\u90a3\u4e48\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u7684id\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u53d8\u91cfid\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684<strong><em>\u5bf9\u8c61\u590d\u7528<\/em><\/strong>\uff08Object Reuse\uff09\u6216<strong><em>\u9a7b\u7559\u673a\u5236<\/em><\/strong>\uff08Interning\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0cPython \u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u5148\u53bb\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff08\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\u201d\u91cc\u8089\u773c\u641c\u7d22\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u65e7\u5730\u5740\u8d34\u7ed9\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>\u5c0f\u6574\u6570\u6c60<\/em><\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u58f0\u660e x = 10 \u65f6\uff0cPython \u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u5c0f\u6574\u6570\u6c60\u91cc\u627e\u5230 10 \u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8d4b\u7ed9 x\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9a7b\u7559\u6c60<\/em><\/strong>\uff08String Interning\uff09\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u58f0\u660e s = &#8220;hello&#8221; \u65f6\uff0cPython \u4f1a\u53bb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9a7b\u7559\u6c60\u91cc\u627e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u522b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7 &#8220;hello&#8221;\uff0c\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8001\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u5e03\u5c14\u503c<\/em><\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u58f0\u660e flag = True \u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u53ea\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a True \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cPython \u4e5f\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8d4b\u503c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5148\u627e\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u5148\u53bb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\/\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u8001\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u65b0\u5efa\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6574\u6570 x = 999999\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5e26\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 s = &#8220;hello world!&#8221;\uff09\uff0cPython \u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u73b0\u573a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u628a\u503c\u653e\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5730\u5740\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528,\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5c0f\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u56fa\u5b9a\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d,\u907f\u514d\u907f\u514d\u53cd\u590d\u53bb\u5f00\u542f\u7a7a\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7136\u540e\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff08Mutable types\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u5730\uff08In-place\uff09\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08id\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Python \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1alist\uff08\u5217\u8868\uff09\u3001dict\uff08\u5b57\u5178\uff09 \u548c set\uff08\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f\n\u5982\u679c\u6574\u4e2a Python \u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5f80\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u539f\u5148\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\n\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u51e0\u4e07\u3001\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u590d\u5236\u5168\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u77ac\u95f4\u66b4\u6da8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u5361\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPython \u5f15\u5165\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff08\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u62e5\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982\u5217\u8868\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c my_list.append(item) \u65f6\uff0cPython \u53ea\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u672b\u5c3e\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u589e\u3001\u5220\u3001\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2.\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u8282\u7ea6\uff08\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u6587\u672c\u5217\u8868\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u590d\u5236\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8001\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u5783\u573e\u7b49\u5f85\u56de\u6536\uff08\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u7684 GC \u56de\u6536\u538b\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5751\u4f4d\u91cc\u628a\u65e7\u5b57\u7b26\u64e6\u6389\uff0c\u6362\u6210\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>3.\u6620\u5c04\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u9700\u8981\ndict\uff08\u5b57\u5178\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0cset\uff08\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u53bb\u91cd\u548c\u4ea4\u5e76\u96c6\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u63a5\u6536\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5b9e\u65f6\u53d8\u52a8\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u6784\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>list\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>list \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u201c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff08Pointer Array\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5b58\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u5730\u5740\u201d\nlist \u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5360\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570 10\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &#8220;hello&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>list\u5185\u5b58\u793a\u610f\u56fe:<\/p>\n<pre><code>nums = [&quot;hello&quot;, 10, [1, 2]]\n\n============================== \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8fde\u7eed\u533a ==============================\n\u3010 \u5217\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4 (Pointer Array) \u3011-&gt; \u8fde\u7eed\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a\n\n \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740:      0x10040    0x10048    0x10050     (\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e25\u683c\u9012\u589e 8 \u5b57\u8282)\n                 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n \u62bd\u5c49 (\u7d22\u5f15):     \u2502  nums[0] \u2502  nums[1] \u2502  nums[2] \u2502\n                 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n \u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u7684\u5185\u5bb9:     \u2502 0x30010  \u2502 0x50020  \u2502 0x70090  \u2502 -&gt; \u96f7\u6253\u4e0d\u52a8\u5168\u662f 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u300c\u6307\u9488\u300d\n                 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                      \u2502          \u2502          \u2502\n======================\u2502==========\u2502==========\u2502=============================\n                      \u2502          \u2502          \u2502 (\u987a\u7740\u5730\u5740\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u8df3\u8f6c)\n                      \u25bc          \u25bc          \u25bc\n             ================ \u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61 ================\n\n             \u3010 0x30010 \u3011\u2794 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61 &quot;hello&quot; (\u7a7f\u6234\u8c6a\u534e\u5916\u58f3\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u8f83\u5927)\n\n             \u3010 0x50020 \u3011\u2794 \u6574\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61 10 (24\u5b57\u8282\u5916\u58f3 + 4\u5b57\u8282\u6838\u5fc3\/32\u4f4d)\n\n             \u3010 0x70090 \u3011\u2794 \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u5bf9\u8c61 [1, 2]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong><em>\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff08Resize\uff09<\/em><\/strong> \u548c <strong><em>\u9884\u5206\u914d\uff08Over-allocation\uff09<\/em><\/strong>\n\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u65e6\u7533\u8bf7\u597d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u653e 3 \u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3 append \u7b2c 4 \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5c41\u80a1\u540e\u9762\u6070\u597d\u6709\u522b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6321\u7740\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u539f\u5730\u53d8\u957f\u3002\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 sys.getsizeof() \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5217\u8868\u603b\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u914d\u5408 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u7ed9\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002\n\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Python 3.12 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\uff09\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5916\u58f3\u56fa\u5b9a\u5360\u7528 56 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\nprint(sys.getsizeof([])),\u8f93\u51fa56<\/li>\n<li>\u5f80\u540e\u5217\u8868\u53ea\u8981\u6bcf\u591a\u9884\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4f1a\u96f7\u6253\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u2014\u2014\u5373 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\n\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570=(sys.getsizeof(nums)-56)\/8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">import sys\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums = []\n\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 80)\nprint(f&quot;{'\u5b9e\u9645\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570':^12} | {'\u5217\u8868\u603b\u5185\u5b58 (\u5b57\u8282)':^14} | {'\u5e95\u5c42\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570 (Capacity)':^20} | {'nums\u5730\u5740':^5}&quot;)\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 80)\n\nfor i in range(15):\n    current_length = len(nums)\n    total_bytes = sys.getsizeof(nums)\n\n    # \u8fd0\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9006\u7b97\u51fa\u5e95\u5c42\u5f53\u524d\u603b\u5171\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u683c\u5b50\n    allocated_slots = (total_bytes - 56) \/\/ 8 if total_bytes &gt; 56 else 0\n\n    print(f&quot;{current_length:^14} | {total_bytes:^16} | {allocated_slots:^31} | {id(nums):^10}&quot;)\n\n    # \u5f80\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\n    nums.append(i)\n\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 80)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n   \u5b9e\u9645\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570    |   \u5217\u8868\u603b\u5185\u5b58 (\u5b57\u8282)   | \u5e95\u5c42\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570 (Capacity) | nums\u5730\u5740\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n      0        |        56        |                0                | 4340009280\n      1        |        88        |                4                | 4340009280\n      2        |        88        |                4                | 4340009280\n      3        |        88        |                4                | 4340009280\n      4        |        88        |                4                | 4340009280\n      5        |       120        |                8                | 4340009280\n      6        |       120        |                8                | 4340009280\n      7        |       120        |                8                | 4340009280\n      8        |       120        |                8                | 4340009280\n      9        |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n      10       |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n      11       |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n      12       |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n      13       |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n      14       |       184        |               16                | 4340009280\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5206\u6790:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff1a\u683c\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f 0\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 Python \u8fd8\u6ca1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u60a8\u591a\u82b1\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u53d8\u6210 1 \u7684\u77ac\u95f4\uff1aPython \u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08listobject.c\uff09\u77ac\u95f4\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff01\u5b83\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u60a8\u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6177\u6168\u5730\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u8fde\u7eed\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86 4 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff088\u5b57\u8282 \u00d7 4 = 32\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a 2, 3, 4 \u65f6\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9 4 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u65e9\u5c31\u5f00\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b21 append \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u642c\u5bb6\u3002Python \u53ea\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5730\u628a\u6570\u5b57\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6307\u9488\u5f80\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7a7a\u4f4d\u91cc\u4e00\u585e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5e38\u6570\u7ea7 O(1) \u7684\u6781\u901f\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u53d8\u6210 5 \u7684\u77ac\u95f4\uff1a\u524d\u9762\u7684 4 \u4e2a\u62bd\u5c49\u5168\u88ab\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u3002Python \u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u642c\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u201d\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u65b0\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u80fd\u653e\u4e0b 8 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50 \u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u628a\u524d 4 \u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u585e\u5165\u7b2c 5 \u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>\u4e0a\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a:nums\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u81f4\u4e0d\u53d8,\u90a3\u4e48\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf CPython \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5927\u697c\u524d 24 \u5b57\u8282\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u7b2c 24 \u5b57\u8282(\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u53f7,\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7b2c25\u5b57\u8282,\u5305\u62ec25\u5b57\u8282)\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u697c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\uff1aob_item\uff08\u5373\u5e95\u5c42\u8fde\u7eed\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\n\u6211\u4eec\u7528 ctypes \u4ece\u5927\u697c\u5730\u5740\u5f80\u540e\u504f\u79fb 24 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6307\u9488\u503c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">import sys\n\nimport ctypes\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d&ldquo;\u8fde\u7eed\u683c\u5b50\u771f\u5b9e\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740(ob_item)&rdquo;\u7684\u51fd\u6570\ndef get_ob_item_address(list_obj):\n    list_id = id(list_obj)\n    ob_item_ptr = ctypes.c_void_p.from_address(list_id + 24).value\n    return ob_item_ptr\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums = []\n\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 110)\nprint(f&quot;{'\u5b9e\u9645\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570':^12} | {'\u5217\u8868\u603b\u5185\u5b58 (\u5b57\u8282)':^14} | {'\u5e95\u5c42\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570 (Capacity)':^20} | {'nums\u5730\u5740':^5} | {'\u65b0\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u5740 (ob_item)':^22}&quot;)\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 110)\n\nfor i in range(15):\n    current_length = len(nums)\n    total_bytes = sys.getsizeof(nums)\n    grid_addr = get_ob_item_address(nums)\n\n    # \u8fd0\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9006\u7b97\u51fa\u5e95\u5c42\u5f53\u524d\u603b\u5171\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u683c\u5b50\n    allocated_slots = (total_bytes - 56) \/\/ 8 if total_bytes &gt; 56 else 0\n\n    print(f&quot;{current_length:^14} | {total_bytes:^16} | {allocated_slots:^31} | {id(nums):^10} | {hex(grid_addr if grid_addr else 0):&lt;22}&quot;)\n\n    # \u5f80\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\n    nums.append(i)\n\nprint(&quot;-&quot; * 110)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n   \u5b9e\u9645\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570    |   \u5217\u8868\u603b\u5185\u5b58 (\u5b57\u8282)   | \u5e95\u5c42\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570 (Capacity) | nums\u5730\u5740 |  \u65b0\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u5740 (ob_item) \n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n      0        |        56        |                0                | 4341633088 | 0x0                   \n      1        |        88        |                4                | 4341633088 | 0x102bef730           \n      2        |        88        |                4                | 4341633088 | 0x102bef730           \n      3        |        88        |                4                | 4341633088 | 0x102bef730           \n      4        |        88        |                4                | 4341633088 | 0x102bef730           \n      5        |       120        |                8                | 4341633088 | 0x102ddbef0           \n      6        |       120        |                8                | 4341633088 | 0x102ddbef0           \n      7        |       120        |                8                | 4341633088 | 0x102ddbef0           \n      8        |       120        |                8                | 4341633088 | 0x102ddbef0           \n      9        |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n      10       |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n      11       |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n      12       |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n      13       |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n      14       |       184        |               16                | 4341633088 | 0x102df9230           \n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u65b0\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u6709\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570\u6ee1\u4e86\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\n\u6240\u4ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nums\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6709\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9884\u5206\u914d\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570\u9075\u5faa\u7ffb\u500d\u539f\u5219(\u672c\u73af\u588364\u4f4d,python3.12\u7248\u672c,\u6709\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f1.25\u500d,1.5\u500d\u4e0d\u7b49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u7eed,\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5462?\n\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u624d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684list\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740,\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>========================================================================================================================\n                                     Python list \u5e95\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u5168\u666f\u56fe \n========================================================================================================================\n\n \u3010 \u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u9488: nums \u3011 \n       \u2502\n       \u25bc (\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f 56 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u697c)\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502 \ud83c\udfe2 \u5217\u8868\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u697c (PyListObject \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u603b\u957f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 56 \u5b57\u8282)                                                            \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(nums) + 00\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 (\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f)                                                             \u2502\n\u2502 id(nums) + 08\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488 (\u6307\u5411 &lt;class 'list'&gt; \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49)                                               \u2502\n\u2502 id(nums) + 16\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6 (\u5f53\u524d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u9645\u585e\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 len(nums))                         \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(nums) + 24\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 \ud83c\udf1f [\u7b2c 25 ~ 32 \u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570: ob_item (\u5e95\u5c42\u9690\u79d8\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u6307\u8def\u724c\u6307\u9488)                              \u2502\n\u2502                   \u2502     \u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7684\u7eaf\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f \u2794 \u3010 0x1000A00 \u3011 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510   \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(nums) + 32\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 \ud83c\udf1f [\u7b2c 33 ~ 40 \u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570: allocated (\u771f\u6b63\u9884\u5206\u914d\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u603b\u6570 Capacity)                    \u2502   \u2502\n\u2502                   \u2502     \u5f53\u524d\u91cc\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u662f \u2794 \u3010     16      \u3011(\u5bf9\u5e94\u60a8\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684 16 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50)                   \u2502   \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(nums) + 40\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u536016\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u586b\u5145\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u90e8\u516c\u644a\u5143\u6570\u636e                                                        \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                                                                                                                   \u2502\n       \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n       \u25bc (\u4e00\u65e6\u5217\u8868\u8d85\u5bb9\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u697c\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u53d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u8fdc\u65b9\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4ed3\u5e93)\n\n========================================= \u3010\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684 list \u5217\u8868\u5185\u5b58\u3011 ===============================================\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u5b83\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3010\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u3011\u3001\u624b\u62c9\u624b\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3010\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u3011\n\n \u7269\u7406\u95e8\u724c\u53f7:            0x1000A00                 0x1000A08                 0x1000A10            (\u6bcf\u683c\u4e25\u683c\u9012\u589e 8 \u5b57\u8282)\n                 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n \u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15:       \u2502         nums         \u2502         nums         \u2502         nums         \u2502\n                 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n \u683c\u5b50(\u62bd\u5c49)\u5185\u5bb9: \u2502        0x5000100        \u2502        0x5000200        \u2502        0x5000300        \u2502 \u2794 \u7eaf8\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7eb8\u6761\n                 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                              \u2502                         \u2502                         \u2502\n                              \u25bc                         \u25bc                         \u25bc (\u987a\u7740\u7eb8\u6761\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u8df3\u8f6c)\n\n======================================= \u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u7684\u3010\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3\u3011 ===========================================\n\n \u3010 0x5000100 \u3011\u2794 \u6570\u5b57 1 \u7684\u8c6a\u534e\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3 (\u603b\u5927\u5c0f 32 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 256 \u4f4d)\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83e\uddf1 \u524d 24 \u5b57\u8282\uff1aPython \u5b98\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u58f3 (\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\u7b49\u516c\u644a\u9762\u79ef)\n  \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udc8e \u540e 08 \u5b57\u8282\u683c\u5b50 \u2794 \ud83d\udc51 \u5305\u542b\u60a8\u8bf4\u7684\u3010 4 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 32 \u4f4d \u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u6838\u5fc3 \u3011\u2794 \u91cc\u9762\u6b63\u653e\u7740\u6570\u5b57 1 \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\n\n \u3010 0x5000200 \u3011\u2794 \u6570\u5b57 2 \u7684\u8c6a\u534e\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3 (\u603b\u5927\u5c0f 32 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 256 \u4f4d)\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83e\uddf1 \u524d 24 \u5b57\u8282\uff1aPython \u5b98\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u58f3\n  \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udc8e \u540e 08 \u5b57\u8282\u683c\u5b50 \u2794 \ud83d\udc51 \u5305\u542b\u60a8\u8bf4\u7684\u3010 4 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 32 \u4f4d \u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u6838\u5fc3 \u3011\u2794 \u91cc\u9762\u6b63\u653e\u7740\u6570\u5b57 2 \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\n\n========================================================================================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>dict\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5c06 list \u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7279\u6027\u53d1\u6325\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u878d\u5408\u4e86&#8221;hash\u8868&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u7d27\u51d1\u578b\u53cc\u5c42\u9635\u5217&#8221;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\n<strong><em>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 list \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86\u5b57\u5178\uff1f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>list\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff1a\u683c\u5b50\u6392\u5f97\u6574\u6574\u9f50\u9f50\uff0c\u627e\u7b2c 3 \u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 \u8d77\u70b9 + 3 * 8\u5b57\u8282 \u6570\u5f0f\u4e00\u53d1\u76f4\u8fbe\uff08O(1) \u6781\u901f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>dict\uff08\u6309\u952e\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 info[&#8220;age&#8221;] \u53bb\u627e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u5217\u8868\u90a3\u6837\u6328\u4e2a\u6392\uff0cPython \u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u4eba\u8089\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f age \u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u5462\uff1f\u201d\uff08O(n) \u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9b54\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u54ea\u6015\u4f60\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &#8220;age&#8221;\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5957\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79d2\u628a\u5b83\u7b97\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u50cf\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u53d1\u76f4\u8fbe\uff08O(1) \u795e\u901f\uff09\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u58f3\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5916\u58f3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u7684\u5b57\u5178 {}\uff0c\u8fde\u5e26\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u6570\u636e\u548c\u9690\u5f0f\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff08GC\uff09\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5360\u7528 64 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u6253\u5370 sys.getsizeof({})\uff0c\u7a33\u7a33\u7684\u5c31\u662f 64\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u697c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6307\u9488\uff1a\u5927\u697c\u91cc\u9664\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b57\u5178\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a ma_keys \u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5b83\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u5458\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u5b57\u5178\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u5916\u9762\u4e70\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u5e95\u5c42\u53cc\u5c42\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u53cc\u5c42\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\uff08Indices\uff09:\u6781\u5c0f\u3001\u6563\u843d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u4ec5\u5360\u7528 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff088\u4f4d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u4e0d\u88c5\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u88c5 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u201c\u623f\u95f4\u53f7\u6570\u5b57\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u53d6\u4f59\u7684\u201c\u5bfc\u822a\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Entries\uff09:\u6781\u5927\u3001\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u697c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u8fd9\u680b\u5927\u697c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e01\u70b9\u7a7a\u9699\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u6392\u5217\u7684 [1, 2]\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u519b\u8bad\u6392\u961f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f4f\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\uff08Entry\uff09\u5927\u5c0f\u88ab\u6b7b\u6b7b\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 24 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u5e76\u6392\u6446\u7740 3 \u5f20 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7eb8\u6761\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>me_hash\uff1a\u952e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u7684\u7eaf\u6574\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Key \u6307\u9488\uff1a\u2794 \u6307\u5411\u952e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u516c\u5bd3\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Value \u6307\u9488\uff1a\u2794 \u6307\u5411\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u5217\u8868\u516c\u5bd3\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>========================================================================================================================\n                                     Python dict \u5b57\u5178\u5e95\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u5168\u666f\u56fe\n========================================================================================================================\n\n \u3010 \u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u9488: info \u3011 \n       \u2502\n       \u25bc (\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f 64 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5927\u697c\u524d\u53f0)\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502 \ud83c\udfe2 \u5b57\u5178\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u697c (PyDictObject \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5916\u58f3\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 64 \u5b57\u8282)                                                  \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(info) + 00\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 (\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178)                               \u2502\n\u2502 id(info) + 08\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488 (\u6307\u5411 &lt;class 'dict'&gt; \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178)                           \u2502\n\u2502 id(info) + 16\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 [\u5360 8\u5b57\u8282] \u2794 \u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6 (\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u585e\u5165\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 len(info))                             \u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 id(info) + 24\u5b57\u8282 \u2502 \ud83c\udf1f [\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u5411\u6307\u9488: ma_keys] \u2794 \u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684&ldquo;\u53cc\u5c42\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93&rdquo;                                \u2502\n\u2502                   \u2502     \u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7684\u7eaf\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f \u2794 \u3010 0x1000A00 \u3011 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510   \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                                                                                                                   \u2502\n       \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n       \u25bc \n\n===================================== \ud83d\udce6 \u3010\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u8868 (Indices)\u3011 ===========================================\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3010\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u3011\u3001\u624b\u62c9\u624b\u6392\u5217\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u9635\u5217\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u7559\u51fa\u7a7a\u4f4d\u9632\u6b62\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u4e3a\u4e86\u6781\u5ea6\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u30101 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3011\uff01\u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u585e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u7684&ldquo;\u623f\u95f4\u53f7&rdquo;\u3002\n\n \u7269\u7406\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7:               0                    1                    2          ... ...         7       (\u5171 8 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50)\n                 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n \u683c\u5b50\u95e8\u724c\u53f7:     \u2502       0 \u53f7\u683c       \u2502       1 \u53f7\u683c       \u2502       2 \u53f7\u683c       \u2502        \u2502       7 \u53f7\u683c       \u2502\n                 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524        \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n 1\u5b57\u8282\u623f\u95f4\u53f7:    \u2502        -1          \u2502         1          \u2502        -1          \u2502        \u2502         0          \u2502 -&gt; -1\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n                 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                                                \u2502                                                  \u2502\n                                                \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510                                        \u2502\n                                                          \u25bc (\u6839\u636e 1 \u5b57\u8282\u623f\u95f4\u53f7\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u5bfb\u5740 JUMP)      \u2502\n                                                                                                   \u2502\n===================================== \ud83d\udce6 \u3010\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4 (Entries)\u3011 =================================\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3010\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u3011\u3001\u4e00\u4e01\u70b9\u7a7a\u9699\u548c\u6d6a\u8d39\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3001\u6309\u5199\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u961f\u7684&ldquo;\u5b9e\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u5927\u697c&rdquo;\u3002\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u89c4\u683c\u5199\u6b7b\u5c31\u662f\u301024 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3011 (8\u5b57\u8282\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c + 8\u5b57\u8282Key\u6307\u9488 + 8\u5b57\u8282Value\u6307\u9488)\u3002\n                                                                                                   \u2502\n \u623f\u95f4\u5e8f\u53f7:                    \u3010 0 \u53f7\u623f \u3011                                     \u3010 1 \u53f7\u623f \u3011  \u25c0\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                     \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510                    \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n 24\u5b57\u8282\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784:     \u2502 \u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c(8B): 0x8849F  \u2502                    \u2502 \u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c(8B): 0x12A9E  \u2502\n                     \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524                    \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n                     \u2502 Key \u6307\u9488(8B) : \u2794 &quot;name&quot;  \u2502                    \u2502 Key \u6307\u9488(8B) : \u2794 &quot;age&quot;   \u2502\n                     \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524                    \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n                     \u2502 Value\u6307\u9488(8B): \u2794 &quot;Alex&quot;  \u2502                    \u2502 Value\u6307\u9488(8B): \u2794 18 (\u516c\u5bd3)\u2502\n                     \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518                    \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                                                                                  \u2502\n                                                                                  \u25bc (\u987a\u7740 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7eb8\u6761\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u8df3\u8f6c)\n\n=================================== \ud83c\udfe0 \u3010\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a\u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u516c\u5bd3\u3011 =======================================\n \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u5b57\u5178\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d26\u5355\uff01\n\n \u3010 0x5000100 (\u5047\u8bbe) \u3011\u2794 \u952e\u5bf9\u8c61 &quot;age&quot; \u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u516c\u5bd3\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83e\uddf1 \u524d 24 \u5b57\u8282\uff1aPython \u5b98\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u58f3 (\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\u7b49\u516c\u644a\u9762\u79ef)\n  \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udc8e \u540e 08 \u5b57\u8282\u683c\u5b50 \u2794 \u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &quot;age&quot; \u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\n\n \u3010 0x5000200 (\u5047\u8bbe) \u3011\u2794 \u503c\u5bf9\u8c61 18 \u7684\u8c6a\u534e\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3 (\u603b\u5927\u5c0f 32 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 256 \u4f4d)\n  \u251c\u2500\u2500 \ud83e\uddf1 \u524d 24 \u5b57\u8282\uff1aPython \u5b98\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u58f3 (\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7b49)\n  \u2514\u2500\u2500 \ud83d\udc8e \u540e 08 \u5b57\u8282\u683c\u5b50 \u2794 \ud83d\udc51 \u5305\u542b\u60a8\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u3010 4 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 32 \u4f4d \u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u6838\u5fc3 \u3011\u2794 \u91cc\u9762\u6b63\u653e\u7740\u6570\u5b57 18 \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\n\n========================================================================================================================\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u5b57\u5178\u5f80\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u641e\u6e05\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fHash(\u54c8\u5e0c)?<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08Hash\uff09\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7c89\u788e\u518d\u91cd\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u53d8\u6570\u5668\uff08\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u4e22\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e48\u5e9e\u5927\u3001\u957f\u77ed\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u90e8\u51e0\u767e\u5146\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd &#8220;age&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5957\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u5c06\u5176\u201c\u63c9\u788e\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u201d\uff0c\u5410\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u3001\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5927\u6574\u6570<\/p>\n<pre><code> \u4efb\u610f\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u636e \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u3010 \ud83e\uddec \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash() \u3011 \u2794 \u2794 \u2794 \u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u6574\u6570 (\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c)\n &quot;age&quot;               \u2794      (\u6570\u636e\u7c89\u788e\u538b\u7f29)       \u2794    1145141919810\n &quot;A muito longa...&quot;  \u2794                           \u2794    9876543210<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u7b97\u3001\u660e\u5929\u7b97\u3001\u5728\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7b97\uff0chash(&#8220;age&#8221;) \u5410\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5927\u6574\u6570\u6c38\u8fdc\u6b7b\u6b7b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd Hash\uff1f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u5730\u9053\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u53eb Hashable\uff08\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u786c\u6838\u94c1\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u6b7b\u6b7b\u88ab\u5199\u6b7b\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff01<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u5b57\uff08int, float\uff09\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08str\uff09\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\uff08tuple\uff09\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\uff08bool\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1f \u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57 100 \u6216\u8005\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 &#8220;age&#8221; \u4e00\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u5b9a\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u7a33\u5982\u6cf0\u5c71\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>\u62d2\u7edd\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09\u3001\u5b57\u5178\uff08dict\uff09\u3001\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5f3a\u884c\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u6c42\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0cPython \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa\u707e\u96be\u6027\u62a5\u9519\uff1aTypeError: unhashable type: &#8216;list&#8217;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u884c\uff1f \u56e0\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5 append \u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u539f\u672c\u53eb [1, 2]\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f 999\uff1b\u4f60\u4e00\u6267\u884c append(3)\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 888\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u60e8\u72b6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u505a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 Key\uff0c\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u53bb\u4e8c\u5c42\u3010\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u3011\u53d6\u4f59\u627e\u5b83\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f7b\u5e95\u9519\u4e71\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u5c42\u3010\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u3011\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u623f\u5ba2\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8054\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0 Python \u5b57\u5178\uff08CPython 3.6+ \u53cc\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684 Markdown \u6e90\u7801\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b (<code>d[key]<\/code>)<\/h5>\n<p>\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230 Entries \u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528 <code>hash(key)<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c&zwnj;<strong>\u6270\u52a8\u5904\u7406<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff08\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5f02\u6216\uff09\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4f4e\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d Indices<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u521d\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<code>idx = hash_perturbed &amp; mask<\/code>\uff08<code>mask = size - 1<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6 <code>Indices[idx]<\/code> \u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5224\u65ad\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5\u4e3a -1 (EMPTY)<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u629b\u51fa <code>KeyError<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5 &gt;= 0 (\u5360\u7528)<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>entry_idx<\/code>\uff0c\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230 Entries \u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5339\u914d<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5 <code>Entries[entry_idx].key<\/code> \u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807 <code>key<\/code> \u76f8\u7b49\uff08\u5148\u6bd4\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de <code>Entries[entry_idx].value<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165&zwnj;<strong>\u63a2\u6d4b\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>&zwnj;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u63a2\u6d4b<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a Indices \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a<code>next_idx = (5 * idx + 1 + perturb) &amp; mask<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4 3-4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u952e\u6216\u9047\u5230 EMPTY\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>\u63d2\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b (<code>d[key] = value<\/code>)<\/h5>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u952e\u65b0\u589e\u3001\u65e7\u952e\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4 1\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6270\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c <code>h<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u521d\u59cb Indices \u7d22\u5f15 <code>idx = h &amp; mask<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4 2\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5 Indices[idx] \u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u60c5\u51b5 A\uff1aIndices[idx] == -1 (\u7a7a\u95f2)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u52a8\u4f5c<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5199\u5165 Entries<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u5c06 <code>(h, key, value)<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 &zwnj;<strong>Entries<\/strong>&zwnj; \u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b0\u4e0b\u6807 <code>new_entry_idx<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u66f4\u65b0 Indices<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>Indices[idx] = new_entry_idx<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u60c5\u51b5 B\uff1aIndices[idx] &gt;= 0 (\u5360\u7528)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u83b7\u53d6 Entry<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6 <code>entry_idx = Indices[idx]<\/code>\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6 <code>Entries[entry_idx]<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u6bd4\u5bf9 Key<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ol>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5 Key \u76f8\u540c<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539 <code>Entries[entry_idx].value = value<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>&zwnj; Indices \u548c Entries \u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5 Key \u4e0d\u540c<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u542f\u52a8&zwnj;<strong>\u63a2\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>&zwnj;\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2 Indices \u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u8ba1\u7b97 <code>next_idx<\/code>\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230 <code>Indices[next_idx] == -1<\/code> \u6216\u5339\u914d\u7684 Key\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7a7a\u4f4d<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06 <code>(h, key, value)<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 &zwnj;<strong>Entries<\/strong>&zwnj; \u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>Indices[next_idx] = \u65b0\u4e0b\u6807<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u82e5\u4e2d\u9014\u53d1\u73b0\u5339\u914d Key<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u8f6c\u4e3a\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u60c5\u51b5 C\uff1a\u9047\u5230 Dummy (\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u4f1a\u5c06 Indices \u4f4d\u7f6e\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\uff08\u5982\u590d\u7528 -1 \u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c6\u7248\u672c\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u4f46\u9700\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d)<\/em>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u67e5\u627e\u65f6<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u9047\u5230 Dummy &zwnj;<strong>\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u6d4b\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u63d2\u5165\u65f6<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9047\u5230\u7684 Dummy \u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684 EMPTY\uff0c\u4f18\u5148&zwnj;<strong>\u590d\u7528<\/strong>&zwnj;\u8be5 Dummy \u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u7a7a\u6d1e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236 (Resize)<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>Entries \u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6ee1<\/strong>&zwnj;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>Indices \u6570\u7ec4\u586b\u5145\u7387 &gt; 2\/3<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff08\u51b2\u7a81\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&zwnj;<strong>\u6269\u5bb9\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u5927\u7684 Indices \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5bb9\u91cf\u7ffb\u500d\uff09\u548c\u65b0\u7684 Entries \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c (Rehash)<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u65e7 Entries \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u7684 Indices \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u66ff\u6362\u65e7\u8868\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u5e03\u66f4\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u4e14 Entries \u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/h5>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u53cc\u5c42\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784(cpython3.6+\u7248\u672c),\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42Entries\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u8868,\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u5178\u5199\u5165\u5b58\u653e,\u90a3\u4e48\u5b57\u5178\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684:\n\u793a\u4f8b:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">d = {&quot;k1&quot;: &quot;v1&quot;, &quot;k2&quot;: &quot;v2&quot;, &quot;k3&quot;: &quot;v3&quot;}\n\nfor i in range(5):\n    print(d)\n\nfor key in d.keys():\n    print(key,&quot;-&gt;&quot;,d[key])<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}\n{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}\n{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}\n{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}\n{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}\nk1 -&gt; v1\nk2 -&gt; v2\nk3 -&gt; v3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6253\u5370\u591a\u6b21,\u5b57\u5178\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8,\u904d\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684,\u6240\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684(\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u65e0\u5e8f)<\/p>\n<h5>\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u6709\u5e8f\u6027<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e Entries \u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ebf\u6027\u626b\u63cf Entries\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5929\u7136\u4fdd\u8bc1&zwnj;<strong>\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>&zwnj;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1aIndices \u53ea\u5b58\u5c0f\u6574\u6570\uff08int8\/16\/32\uff09\uff0cEntries \u65e0\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7a00\u758f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8282\u7701\u7ea6 20%-30% \u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&zwnj;<strong>\u9ad8\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong>&zwnj;\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u9700 1 \u6b21 Indices \u8bbf\u95ee + 1 \u6b21 Entries \u8bbf\u95ee\u5373\u53ef\u547d\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42 \u6709\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb,\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u5462\uff1f<\/h5>\n<p>\u89e6\u53ca\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u300c\u67e5\u627e\u6548\u7387\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u300d\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u535a\u5f08\u3002\n\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7d22\u5f15\u5f15\u51fa\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u8ba9\u4e24\u5c42\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u683c\u6570\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5c31\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u5d29\u584c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u5927\u800c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5426\u5219 Hash \u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42 indices \u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u627f\u63a5\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u62e5\u5835\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6563\u5217\uff1a\u4f60\u7ed9 5 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Key\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684 hash &amp; mask \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u5728 0 \u5230 7 \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u7559\u6709\u201c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u201d\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e0d\u4fdd\u6301\u300c\u5927\u800c\u7a7a\u300d\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u7ed9 8 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u51c6\u653e 5 \u4e2a\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b7b\u677f\u5730\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff08\u4e24\u5c42\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u9d3f\u5de2\u539f\u7406\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a Key \u649e\u8f66\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u53d1\u6307\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u591a\u7559\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11 1\/3 \u7684\u7a7a\u69fd\uff08-1\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9632\u649e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65b0\u6765\u7684 Key \u624d\u80fd\u5728 (O(1)) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8f7b\u677e\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u5c0f\u800c\u7d27\u201d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4f1a\u66b4\u589e\n\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u5c42\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42 entries \u4e5f\u5f3a\u884c\u6269\u5927\u5230\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e5f\u662f 8 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u56de\u5230 Python 3.5 \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u6563\u5217\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e86\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u53d8\u5f97\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u3002\u539f\u672c\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u585e\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7684\u300c\u7a7a\u69fd\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6050\u6016\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7a7a\u69fd\uff08-1\uff09\u53ea\u5360 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff08int8\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u69fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u9884\u7559 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8db3\u8db3\u8981\u5360 24 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff01<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u5c42\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5b58 5 \u4e2a Key\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u7a7a\u69fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u53ea\u6d6a\u8d39 3 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u66b4\u8650\u5730\u6d6a\u8d39 (3 \\times 24 = 72) \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5927\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u69fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u4e2a GB\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u6761:\u5217\u8868\u4e0e\u5b57\u5178\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5411\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740,\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u91cc,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5411\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u91cc\u3002\n\u53d8\u91cf-&gt;\u53d8\u91cf\u5185\u5b58(\u5143\u6570\u636e)-&gt;\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868-&gt;\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<h4>set\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>set \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u53ea\u6709 Key \u6ca1\u6709 Value \u7684 dict\u3002\n\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5728 CPython 3.6+ \u4e2d\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u5c42\u7d27\u51d1\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4 Key-Value \u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5b58\u50a8 Key\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5b57\u5178\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cset \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206 Indices \u548c Entries \u4e24\u5c42\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\uff08set \u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff09\u3002\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Table\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u8868\u9879\uff08Entry\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8868\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b58\u50a8 (hash, key)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709 Value\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3002\n\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u8f83\u65b0\u7684 CPython \u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\uff0cset \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u201c\u7d22\u5f15+\u6570\u636e\u201d\u5206\u79bb\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u952e\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca Value \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n|                        \u3010 PySetObject \u96c6\u5408\u6838\u5fc3\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8 \u3011                     |\n|  - used      : 3 (\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u4e86 3 \u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u5143\u7d20\uff0clen() \u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u8fd9\u91cc)                       |\n|  - fill      : 3 (\u5df2\u5360\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5893\u7891\u6807\u8bb0)               |\n|  - mask      : 7 (\u603b\u683c\u5b50\u6570 - 1\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 8)                                  |\n|  - table     : *ptr ----------------+ (\u6307\u5411\u5e95\u5c42\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868)                |\n+-------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+\n                                      |\n                                      v\n+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n|                       \u3010 \u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\uff1a\u5355\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4 (Sparse Array) \u3011             |\n|  - \u627f\u63a5\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6563\u5217\uff0c\u683c\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u586b\u6ee1\u7684\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86 [\u7a7a\u69fd]                        |\n|  - \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u683c\u5b50(Entry) \u56fa\u5b9a 16 \u5b57\u8282\uff1a\u5305\u542b [\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c + \u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u6307\u9488]             |\n|                                                                               |\n|     \u4e0b\u6807 (i):     0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7          |\n|    +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+      |\n|    |  table   | [\u7a7a] | Entry| [\u7a7a] | Entry| [\u7a7a] | [\u7a7a] | Entry| [\u7a7a] |      |\n|    +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+      |\n|                        |              |                     |                 |\n|       \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518              \u2502                     \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510        |\n|       \u25bc                               \u25bc                              \u25bc        |\n|  [Entry 1]                       [Entry 3]                      [Entry 6]     |\n|  - me_hash: -492018341           - me_hash: 849302183           - me_hash: 1122\n|  - me_key : *ptr                 - me_key : *ptr                - me_key : *pt\n\n|        \u2502                                \u2502                              \u2502      |\n+--------|--------------------------------|------------------------------|------+\n         \u2502                                \u2502                              \u2502\n         \u25bc                                \u25bc                              \u25bc\n+------------------+             +------------------+             +-------------\n\n| \u3010 \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61 \u3011          | \u3010 \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61 \u3011          | \u3010 \u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a\u771f\n|                  |             |                  |             |             \n|   &quot;age&quot; (PyObject)  |             |   &quot;name&quot; (PyObject)  |             |   &quot;city&quot; (Py\n+------------------+             +------------------+             +-------------\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong><em>\u6709\u4e86\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>\n\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7528\u4f60\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5217\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5185\u5b58\u6392\u5f97\u518d\u6574\u9f50\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u9891\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5806\u786c\u4ef6\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u7269\u7406\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bfb\u627e\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u4eba\u8089\u6328\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u201d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u65f6\u4f1a\u6781\u6162\uff08(O(N))\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u60f3\u53bb\u91cd\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e24\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af\u786c\u649e\uff0c\u7b97\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u6050\u6016\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Set \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u8fd9\u628a\u950b\u5229\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e72\u6389\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u75db\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 Set\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0 (O(1)) \u7ea7\u522b\u7684&#8221;\u76f2\u72d9\u67e5\u627e&#8221;\n\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5728 1000 \u4e07\u4e2a\u201c\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u7528\u6237\u201d\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u4e0d\u8ba4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cCPU \u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u3001\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u50cf\u5927\u6d77\u635e\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u8def\u6570\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5728\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u91cc\uff0cCPU \u5c31\u8981\u767d\u767d\u6bd4\u5bf9 1000 \u4e07\u6b21\uff01\u54ea\u6015\u4f60\u7684 CPU \u9891\u7387\u518d\u9ad8\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u88ab\u5361\u6b7b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09\uff1aSet \u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42 Hash \u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u8fdb\u6765\uff0cCPU \u62ff\u7528\u6237\u540d\u73b0\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 hash &amp; mask \u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u3001\u77ac\u95f4\u76f2\u72d9\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u4e0b\u6807\u683c\u5b50\u91cc\u3002\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u4e0d\u662f NULL\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0d\u5728\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u91cc\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u91cc\u6709 10 \u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f 1000 \u4e07\u4eba\uff0cSet \u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6050\u6016\u7684 (O(1)) \u6781\u901f\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5217\u8868\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5929\u7136\u7684\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u7684\u53bb\u91cd\u201d\n\u5728\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6e05\u6d17\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u722c\u866b\u53bb\u91cd\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u53bb\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u201d\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u521a\u9700\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u65e7\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u7528 for \u5faa\u73af\u626b\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u624d\u80fd\u8ffd\u52a0\uff08Append\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957\uff08(O(N^2))\uff09\u5728\u5904\u7406\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u98d9\u5347\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u5929\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e Set \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5360\u9886\u4e86\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u9759\u9ed8\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u5199\u5165\u3002Set \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u8089\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b83\u5e95\u5c42\u90a3\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u79d2\u7ea7\u53bb\u91cd\u7684\u8d85\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u201d\uff08\u4ea4\u96c6\u3001\u5e76\u96c6\u3001\u5dee\u96c6\uff09<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u5171\u540c\u597d\u53cb\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u6c42\u4ea4\u96c6 &amp;\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u6e38\u620f\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u73a9\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u5fae\u535a\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\u91cc\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u6c42\u5dee\u96c6 -\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>\u65e2\u7136set\u65e0\u5e8f,\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u5417?\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u5417?<\/em><\/strong>\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">import os\nimport sys\n\n# \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09\nmy_set = {&quot;apple&quot;, &quot;banana&quot;, &quot;cherry&quot;, &quot;date&quot;}\n\nprint(&quot;=========================================&quot;)\nprint(f&quot;\u3010\u5f53\u524d Python \u8fdb\u7a0b PID: {os.getpid()}\u3011&quot;)\nprint(&quot;=========================================&quot;)\n\n# ----------------------------------------------------\n# \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\uff1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u591a\u6b21\u6253\u5370\uff09\n# ----------------------------------------------------\nprint(&quot;\\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u8c03\u7528 5 \u6b21 ---&quot;)\nfor i in range(1, 6):\n    # \u5c06 set \u8f6c\u6362\u6210 list \u6253\u5370\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8089\u773c\u4e25\u683c\u5bf9\u9f50\u987a\u5e8f\n    print(f&quot;\u7b2c {i} \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: {list(my_set)}&quot;)\n\nprint(&quot;\\n\ud83d\udca1 \u3010\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3011: \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9 5 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u300c\u6b7b\u6b7b\u56fa\u5b9a\u300d\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff01&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u300e\u5355\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u300f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u632a\u52a8\u3002&quot;)\n\n# ----------------------------------------------------\n# \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8c\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u542f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\n# ----------------------------------------------------\nprint(&quot;\\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bf7\u624b\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u542f\uff09\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f ---&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\ud83d\udc49 \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4f60\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u7b2c 1 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\ud83d\udc49 \u73b0\u5728\u8bf7\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u51fb\u300eRun\/\u8fd0\u884c\u300f\u6309\u94ae\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\ud83d\udc49 \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u6982\u7387\u548c\u521a\u624d\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff01&quot;)\n\nprint(&quot;\\n\ud83d\udd12 \u5e95\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u793a\uff1a&quot;)\nprint(f&quot;\u76ee\u524d Python \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u79cd\u5b50\uff08HASH SEED\uff09\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cPython \u865a\u62df\u673a forest \u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u62bd\u7b7e\u751f\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u300e\u76d0\u503c\uff08Salt\uff09\u300f\uff0c&quot;)\nprint(&quot;\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684 hash() \u503c\u5168\u9762\u5927\u6d17\u724c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u4e0b\u6807\uff09\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u3002&quot;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>=========================================\n\u3010\u5f53\u524d Python \u8fdb\u7a0b PID: 67980\u3011\n=========================================\n\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u8c03\u7528 5 \u6b21 ---\n\u7b2c 1 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'date', 'apple']\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'date', 'apple']\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'date', 'apple']\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'date', 'apple']\n\u7b2c 5 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'date', 'apple']\n\n\ud83d\udca1 \u3010\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3011: \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9 5 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u300c\u6b7b\u6b7b\u56fa\u5b9a\u300d\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff01\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u300e\u5355\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u300f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u632a\u52a8\u3002\n\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bf7\u624b\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u542f\uff09\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f ---\n\ud83d\udc49 \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4f60\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u7b2c 1 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\n\ud83d\udc49 \u73b0\u5728\u8bf7\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u51fb\u300eRun\/\u8fd0\u884c\u300f\u6309\u94ae\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002\n\ud83d\udc49 \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u6982\u7387\u548c\u521a\u624d\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff01\n\n\ud83d\udd12 \u5e95\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\n\u76ee\u524d Python \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u79cd\u5b50\uff08HASH SEED\uff09\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\n\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cPython \u865a\u62df\u673a forest \u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u62bd\u7b7e\u751f\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u300e\u76d0\u503c\uff08Salt\uff09\u300f\uff0c\n\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684 hash() \u503c\u5168\u9762\u5927\u6d17\u724c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u4e0b\u6807\uff09\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<pre><code>=========================================\n\u3010\u5f53\u524d Python \u8fdb\u7a0b PID: 67989\u3011\n=========================================\n\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u8c03\u7528 5 \u6b21 ---\n\u7b2c 1 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple', 'date']\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple', 'date']\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple', 'date']\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple', 'date']\n\u7b2c 5 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple', 'date']\n\n\ud83d\udca1 \u3010\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3011: \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9 5 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u300c\u6b7b\u6b7b\u56fa\u5b9a\u300d\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff01\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u300e\u5355\u5c42\u54c8\u5e0c\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u300f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u632a\u52a8\u3002\n\n--- \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bf7\u624b\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u542f\uff09\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f ---\n\ud83d\udc49 \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4f60\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u7b2c 1 \u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\n\ud83d\udc49 \u73b0\u5728\u8bf7\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u51fb\u300eRun\/\u8fd0\u884c\u300f\u6309\u94ae\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002\n\ud83d\udc49 \u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u6982\u7387\u548c\u521a\u624d\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff01\n\n\ud83d\udd12 \u5e95\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\n\u76ee\u524d Python \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u79cd\u5b50\uff08HASH SEED\uff09\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\n\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cPython \u865a\u62df\u673a forest \u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u62bd\u7b7e\u751f\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u300e\u76d0\u503c\uff08Salt\uff09\u300f\uff0c\n\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684 hash() \u503c\u5168\u9762\u5927\u6d17\u724c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u4e0b\u6807\uff09\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u539f\u56e0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u5199\u4e86\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u79cd\u5b50\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837,\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>(1)int<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/em><\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>abs(x)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u6570\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>divmod(a, b)\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u5546\u548c\u4f59\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7ec4 (a \/\/ b, a % b)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>pow(x, y, z=None)\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97 x \u7684 y \u6b21\u65b9\u3002\u82e5\u63d0\u4f9b z\uff0c\u5219\u8ba1\u7b97 (x ** y) % z\uff08\u6a21\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>round(x, n=0)\uff1a\u5bf9\u6574\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\u3002\u5bf9 int \u4f20\u5165\u6b63\u6570 n \u4f9d\u7136\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>hash(x)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u6570\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff08\u6574\u6570\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>id(x)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u4e13\u5c5e\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5 (Methods)<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>bit_length()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u4f4d\u6570\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u548c\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>bit_count()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57 1 \u7684\u603b\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False)\uff1a\u5c06\u6574\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a bytes\uff08\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False)\uff1a[\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5] \u5c06 bytes \u5b57\u8282\u4e32 \u8fd8\u539f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>as_integer_ratio()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4 (\u5206\u5b50, \u5206\u6bcd)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u6bcd\u6052\u4e3a 1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u5185\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027 (Attributes)<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>numerator\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u6570\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>denominator\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6bcd\uff08\u6570\u503c\u6052\u4e3a 1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>real\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u90e8\uff08\u6570\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>imag\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6574\u6570\u7684\u865a\u90e8\uff08\u6570\u503c\u6052\u4e3a 0\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(2)float<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>float(x)\uff1a\u5c06\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5305\u62ec &#8216;inf&#8217; \u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3001&#8217;nan&#8217; \u975e\u6570\u5b57\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002float(&#8220;3.14&#8221;) \u27a1\ufe0f 3.14float(&#8220;inf&#8221;) \u27a1\ufe0f \u6b63\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n<li>int(x)\uff1a\u5c06\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u622a\u65ad\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5411 0 \u53d6\u6574\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\uff09\u3002int(3.9) \u27a1\ufe0f 3int(-3.9) \u27a1\ufe0f -3<\/li>\n<li>str(x)\uff1a\u5c06\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u6587\u672c\u6392\u7248\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 lower() \u7b49\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u5185\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027 (Attributes)<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>real\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u90e8\uff08\u6570\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff09\u3002(3.14).real \u27a1\ufe0f 3.14<\/li>\n<li>imag\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u865a\u90e8\uff08\u6570\u503c\u6052\u4e3a 0.0\uff09\u3002(3.14).imag \u27a1\ufe0f 0.0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u4e13\u5c5e\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5 (Methods)<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>is_integer()\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\uff08\u5373\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5426\u4e3a 0\uff09\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>(5.0).is_integer() \u27a1\ufe0f Tru<\/li>\n<li>e(5.1).is_integer() \u27a1\ufe0f False<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>as_integer_ratio()\uff1a\u5c06\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7cbe\u51c6\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4 (\u5206\u5b50, \u5206\u6bcd)\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>(0.25).as_integer_ratio() \u27a1\ufe0f (1, 4)<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c(0.1).as_integer_ratio() \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>hex()\uff1a\u5c06\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>(3.75).hex() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8216;0x1.e000000000000p+1&#8217;\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u65e0\u635f\u4f20\u9012\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>fromhex(string)\uff1a[\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5] \u5c06\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a float \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>float.fromhex(&#8216;0x1.e000000000000p+1&#8217;) \u27a1\ufe0f 3.75<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(3)str<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0e\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362<\/em><\/strong>\n\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6781\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5168\u90e8\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lower()\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\u3002&#8221;Hello&#8221;.lower() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;hello&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>upper()\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u3002&#8221;Hello&#8221;.upper() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;HELLO&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>title()\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u5927\u5199\u3002&#8221;hello world&#8221;.title() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;Hello World&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>capitalize()\uff1a\u4ec5\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8f6c\u5927\u5199\u3002&#8221;hello world&#8221;.capitalize() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;Hello world&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>swapcase()\uff1a\u5927\u5199\u53d8\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u53d8\u5927\u5199\u3002&#8221;Hi&#8221;.swapcase() \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;hI&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>find(sub[, start[, end]])\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 sub \u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd4\u56de -1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>index(sub[, start[, end]])\uff1a\u4e0e find \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u65f6\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValueError \u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<li>rfind() \/ rindex()\uff1a\u4ece\u53f3\u4fa7\uff08\u672b\u5c3e\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<li>replace(old, new[, count])\uff1a\u5c06 old \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a new\u3002\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a count \u9650\u5236\u66ff\u6362\u524d\u51e0\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n<li>count(sub)\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 sub \u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u603b\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u62c6\u5206\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u9ad8\u9891\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u5206\u9694\u7b26 sep \u5207\u5272\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 (list)\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7b49\u7a7a\u767d\u5207\u5272\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;a,b,c&#8221;.split(&#8220;,&#8221;) \u27a1\ufe0f [&#8216;a&#8217;, &#8216;b&#8217;, &#8216;c&#8217;]<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>rsplit()\uff1a\u4ece\u53f3\u4fa7\u5f00\u59cb\u5207\u5272\u3002<\/li>\n<li>splitlines()\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n, \\r\uff09\u5207\u5272\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>join(iterable)\uff1a\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62fc\u63a5\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u5217\u8868\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;-&#8220;.join([&#8216;a&#8217;, &#8216;b&#8217;, &#8216;c&#8217;]) \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;a-b-c&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u4fee\u526a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08\u6392\u7248\/\u6e05\u6d17\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strip([chars])\uff1a\u79fb\u9664\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u79fb\u9664\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26 \\t\u3001\u6362\u884c\u7b26 \\n\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>lstrip() \/ rstrip()\uff1a\u4ec5\u79fb\u9664\u5de6\u4fa7\uff08\u5f00\u5934\uff09\u6216\u53f3\u4fa7\uff08\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff09\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>center(width[, fillchar])\uff1a\u8ba9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c45\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4fa7\u7528 fillchar \u586b\u5145\u81f3\u603b\u957f\u5ea6 width\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ljust() \/ rjust()\uff1a\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6216\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/li>\n<li>zfill(width)\uff1a\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5de6\u4fa7\u8865\u96f6\u81f3\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff09\u3002&#8221;42&#8243;.zfill(5) \u27a1\ufe0f &#8220;00042&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u72b6\u6001\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u8fd4\u56de True \u6216 False\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>startswith(prefix)\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/li>\n<li>endswith(suffix)\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>isalpha()\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5168\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>isdigit() \/ isnumeric()\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<li>isalnum()\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5168\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<li>isspace()\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5168\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u6362\u884c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>islower() \/ isupper() \/ istitle()\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>len(s)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u603b\u6570\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aPython 3 \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u4e5f\u7b97\u4f5c 1 \u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>str(x)\uff1a\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u5c06 int\u3001float \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a str \u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>s[start:end:step]\uff08\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5207\u7247\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5229\u5668\u3002\u9006\u5e8f\u53cd\u8f6c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>s[::-1]s.encode(encoding=&#8217;utf-8&#8242;)\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 bytes \u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5fc5\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(4)tuple<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>2\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>count(value)\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u603b\u6b21\u6570\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>t = (1, 2, 3, 2, 2)<\/li>\n<li>t.count(2) \u27a1\ufe0f 3<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>index(value[, start[, end]])\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValueError \u62a5\u9519\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>t = (&#8216;a&#8217;, &#8216;b&#8217;, &#8216;c&#8217;)<\/li>\n<li>t.index(&#8216;b&#8217;) \u27a1\ufe0f 1<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/em><\/strong>\n\u7531\u4e8e\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\uff08Sequence\uff09\uff0cPython \u8bb8\u591a\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>len(t)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u603b\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>max(t)\/min(t)\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff08\u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sum(t)\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>tuple(iterable)\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u5217\u8868 list\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 str\u3001\u96c6\u5408 set\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5143\u7ec4\u3002tuple([1, 2, 3]) \u27a1\ufe0f (1, 2, 3)<\/li>\n<li>sorted(t)\uff1a\u5bf9\u5143\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5143\u7ec4\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u201c\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>reversed(t)\uff1a\u53cd\u8f6c\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u8f6c\u540e\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7528 tuple() \u5305\u88f9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5143\u7ec4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u975e\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/em><\/strong>\n\u867d\u7136 tuple \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u914d\u5408 Python \u7684\u539f\u751f\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u73a9\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Slicing\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u5b89\u5168\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u96c6\n\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7 [start:end:step] \u8bbf\u95ee\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)<\/li>\n<li>t[1:4] \u27a1\ufe0f (2, 3, 4)<\/li>\n<li>t[::-1] \u27a1\ufe0f (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0\u5143\u7ec4\u53cd\u8f6c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u5199\u6cd5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u7ec4\u62fc\u63a5\u4e0e\u91cd\u590d\uff08+ \u4e0e *\uff09\n<ul>\n<li>+\uff08\u62fc\u63a5\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7ec4 \u27a1\ufe0f (1, 2) + (3, 4) \u27a1\ufe0f (1, 2, 3, 4)\u3002<\/li>\n<li><em>\uff08\u91cd\u590d\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u591a\u6b21\u7ec4\u6210\u65b0\u5143\u7ec4 \u27a1\ufe0f (&#8216;A&#8217;,) <\/em> 3 \u27a1\ufe0f (&#8216;A&#8217;, &#8216;A&#8217;, &#8216;A&#8217;)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u5224\u65ad\uff08in \u4e0e not in\uff09\n<ul>\n<li>3 in (1, 2, 3) \u27a1\ufe0f True3 in (1, 2, 3) \u27a1\ufe0f True<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>\u5143\u7ec4\u62c6\u5305\uff08Unpacking\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u6781\u9ad8\u9891\u4e14\u4f18\u96c5\n<ul>\n<li>point = (10, 20)x, y = point  # x \u53d8\u4e3a 10\uff0cy \u53d8\u4e3a 20 <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(5)list<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5217\u8868\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e0e\u6269\u5bb9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>append(x)\uff1a\u5728\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u672b\u5c3e\uff08ob_size \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411 x\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u603b\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08allocated\uff09\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 2 \u500d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>insert(index, x)\uff1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 index \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f3a\u884c\u585e\u5165\u6307\u9488 x\u3002\u7269\u7406\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6781\u9ad8\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0cindex \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u9488\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6574\u4f53\u5411\u540e\u5e73\u79fb\u4e00\u683c\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(N)\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>extend(iterable)\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6307\u9488\u6279\u91cf\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u7ec4\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u5faa\u73af\u8c03\u7528 append\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7ea7\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u5e76\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5217\u8868\u7f29\u51cf\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u9500\u6bc1\u9635\u8425<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pop([index])\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff08index=-1\uff0c\u5373\u5c3e\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u6781\u5feb\uff08O(1)\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u628a ob_size \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 -1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5f39\u51fa\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684 index\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u7559\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u9488\u5fc5\u987b\u96c6\u4f53\u5411\u524d\u5e73\u79fb\u4e00\u683c\uff08O(N)\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>remove(x)\uff1a\u4eba\u8089\u7ebf\u6027\u626b\u63cf\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e x \u539f\u59cb\u503c\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u65ad\uff08\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u540e\u9762\u6240\u6709\u6307\u9488\u5411\u524d\u5e73\u79fb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u629b\u51fa ValueError\u3002<\/li>\n<li>clear()\uff1a\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8\u7684 ob_size \u6e05\u96f6\uff0c\u65ad\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u91ca\u653e\u5e95\u5c42\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08allocated\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u4ee5\u5907\u4e0b\u6b21\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u68c0\u7d22\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u6574<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>index(x)\uff1a\u4ece\u4e0b\u6807 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u6570\uff0c\u4eba\u8089\u6328\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u6bd4\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6076\u52a3\u7684 O(N)\uff08\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e86 List \u8fd8\u8981 Set \u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>count(x)\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e0e x \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sort(key=None, reverse=False)\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Timsort \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u5730\u6253\u4e71\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u9f50\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u662f 8 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u5b9e\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>reverse()\uff1a\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5934\u5c3e\u987a\u5e8f\u539f\u5730\u5bf9\u8c03\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c<\/em><\/strong>\n\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c01\u88c5\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cList \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u5207\u7247\uff08\u5982 my_list[1:4]\uff09\u3002\n\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\n\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c sub_list = my_list[1:4] \u65f6\uff0cPython \u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u573a\u5fae\u578b\u7684&#8221;\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u8bde\u751f&#8221;\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5728\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684 PyListObject \u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\uff1a\u4e3a sub_list \u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5757\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1aCPU \u8d70\u5230\u65e7\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4e0b\u6807 1\u30012\u30013 \u5904\uff0c\u628a\u90a3 3 \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 8 \u5b57\u8282\u6307\u9488\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>\u3010 \u65e7\u5217\u8868 my_list \u3011\n\u4e0b\u6807 1: [ \u6307\u9488A ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u4e0b\u6807 2: [ \u6307\u9488B ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u4e0b\u6807 3: [ \u6307\u9488C ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n                         \u2502   \u2502   \u2502\n                         \u25bc   \u25bc   \u25bc \u5171\u4eab\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\n                      +------------------+\n\n                      | \u771f\u5b9e\u5bf9\u8c61 (Heap)  |\n                      +------------------+\n                         \u25b2   \u25b2   \u25b2\n\u3010 \u65b0\u5217\u8868 sub_list \u3011     \u2502   \u2502   \u2502\n\u4e0b\u6807 0: [ \u6307\u9488A ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518   \u2502   \u2502\n\u4e0b\u6807 1: [ \u6307\u9488B ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518   \u2502\n\u4e0b\u6807 2: [ \u6307\u9488C ] \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>(6)dict<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u589e\u6539\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5199\u5165\u4e0e\u8986\u76d6<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dict[key] = value\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u65b0 Key\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c3e\u90e8\u8ffd\u52a0\uff08Append\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42 entries \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff08dk_nentries \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u5199\u5165 [hash, key, value] \u6307\u9488\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42 indices \u6570\u7ec4\u7ecf\u8fc7 hash &amp; mask \u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u586b\u5165\u8be5 entries \u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fbe\u5230 2\/3 \u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u89e6\u53d1 2 \u500d\u7ffb\u5bb6\u6269\u5bb9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8001 Key\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u539f\u6709\u7684 value \u6307\u9488\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u771f\u5b9e Value \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u632a\u52a8\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>update(other_dict)\uff1a\u6279\u91cf\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u904d\u5386 other_dict\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5199\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5220\u9664\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u6307\u9488\u6253\u6d1e\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pop(key) \/ del dict[key]\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u7269\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301 O(1) \u7684\u6781\u81f4\u541e\u5410\uff0c\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u65f6\uff0cPython \u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42 entries \u6570\u7ec4\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5f80\u524d\u632a\uff08\u90a3\u6837\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 O(N) \u7684\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u5185\u5b58\u642c\u79fb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u627e\u5230 entries \u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u6570\u5b57\u6539\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d1f\u6570\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5bf9\u5e94\u69fd\u4f4d\u7684 me_key \u548c me_value \u6539\u4e3a NULL\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u6316\u6389\u7684\u5751\u4f4d\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u5893\u7891\uff08Tombstone \/ Dummy\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1ama_used \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 -1\uff08len() \u51cf\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5757\u5893\u7891\u7a7a\u6d1e\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7559\u7740\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5b57\u5178\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\uff08Resize\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5728\u642c\u5bb6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u4e00\u626b\u800c\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>clear()\uff1a\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8\u7684 ma_used \u548c dk_nentries \u6e05\u96f6\u3002\u65ad\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u7acb\u523b\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u5c42\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u603b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u6216\u91cd\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u6b21\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u89c6\u56fe\u68c0\u7d22\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>keys() \/ values() \/ items()\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e95\u5c42\u8fdb\u5316\uff1a\u5728 Python 3.5 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u626b\u63cf\u90a3\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u7a7a\u69fd\u3001\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 Cache Miss \u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e95\u5c42\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08View\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5faa\u73af\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6\uff0cCPU \u62ff\u7740\u6307\u9488\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u89c4\u89c4\u77e9\u77e9\u5730\u53bb\u904d\u5386\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u90a3\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\u7684 entries \u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u9047\u5230\u5893\u7891\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6709\u6548\u6307\u9488\u76f4\u63a5\u5410\u51fa\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u7f8e\u538b\u69a8\u4e86 CPU \u7684 L1\/L2 \u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\uff08Cache Line\uff09\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u5b89\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u9632\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u76f2\u72d9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>get(key, default=None)\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 5 \u6b65\u8d70\u76f2\u72d9\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c \u2500\u2500\u25ba indices \u2500\u2500\u25ba entries \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u6bd4\u5bf9 \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u5410\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f -1\uff08\u7a7a\u69fd\uff09\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u5339\u914d\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u629b\u51fa KeyError \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>setdefault(key, default)\uff1a\u9632\u5b88\u578b\u5199\u5165\u3002\u5148\u53bb\u67e5 Key\uff0c\u5982\u679c Key \u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Value\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u628a [key, default] \u5199\u5165\u53cc\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u65b0\u7248\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u7eb5<\/em><\/strong>\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u7684 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a|\uff08\u5408\u5e76\uff09\u548c |=\uff08\u5c31\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-python language-python python\">x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\ny = {'b': 99, 'c': 4}\n\n# 1. \u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\nz = x | y  # z \u662f {'a': 1, 'b': 99, 'c': 4}\n\n# 2. \u5c31\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\nx |= y     # x \u53d8\u6210\u4e86 {'a': 1, 'b': 99, 'c': 4}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\uff08\u4ee5 z = x | y \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9884\u5224\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1aPython \u4f1a\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6 x \u548c y \u6838\u5fc3\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8\u7684 ma_used \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a Key\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5f00\u8f9f\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u52a0\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u65b0 PyDictKeysObject\uff08\u53cc\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u4e2d\u9014\u5408\u5e76\u65f6\u9891\u7e41\u89e6\u53d1\u642c\u5bb6\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u987a\u5e8f\u5217\u8f66\u5927\u590d\u5236\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>CPU \u5148\u628a x \u91cc\u7684 entries \u6307\u9488\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 indices\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u7740\u628a y \u91cc\u7684 entries \u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684 Key\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 &#8216;b&#8217;\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u91c7\u53d6\u8001\u952e\u539f\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7528 y \u7684\u65b0\u6307\u9488\u8986\u76d6\u6389 x \u7684\u8001\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u65b0\u5b57\u5178 z \u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(7)set<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u589e\u8865\u4e0e\u53bb\u91cd\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5199\u5165<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>add(element)\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u7269\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1aCPU \u62ff\u7740 element \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 hash &amp; mask \u76f2\u72d9\u5230\u5355\u5c42\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff08Slot\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53bb\u91cd\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u683c\u5b50\u662f NULL\uff0c\u5219\u628a [hash, element_ptr] \u586b\u5165\uff0cused \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 +1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u683c\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u987a\u7740\u6307\u9488\u53bb\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u6bd4\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u503c\u3002\u82e5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9759\u9ed8\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u673a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u586b\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u69fd\u4f4d\u5360\u7528\u7387\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u548c\u5893\u7891\uff09\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86 60% \u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u89e6\u53d1 2 \u500d\u6216 4 \u500d\u7684\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5168\u91cf\u91cd\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u642c\u5bb6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>update(*iterables)\uff1a\u6279\u91cf\u5e76\u5165\u3002\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u5e76\u96c6\u5c31\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\uff08|=\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u626b\u63cf\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7ea7\u522b\u8fde\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u843d\u5ea7\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><em>\u7f29\u51cf\u4e0e\u62b9\u9664\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u6307\u9488\u6253\u6d1e<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>remove(element) \/ discard(element)\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u7269\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f O(1) \u7684\u541e\u5410\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5411\u524d\u5e73\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 hash &amp; mask \u77ac\u95f4\u9501\u6b7b\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u539f\u59cb\u503c\u5339\u914d\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 me_key \u6539\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 DUMMY\uff08\u5893\u7891\uff09\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0cremove \u4f1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u629b\u51fa KeyError \u5d29\u6e83\uff1b\u800c discard \u4f1a\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u53d1\u73b0\u7a7a\u69fd\u540e\u9ed8\u9ed8\u6536\u5de5\uff0c\u5047\u88c5\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>pop()\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e Set \u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 pop() \u662f\u968f\u673a\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8\uff1aCPU \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u62ff\u968f\u673a\u6570\u53bb\u62bd\u7b7e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5077\u61d2\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e0b\u6807 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u5f80\u540e\u626b\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f NULL \u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u5893\u7891\u7684\u6709\u6548 Entry\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u5b83\u6316\u6389\uff08\u6253\u4e0a\u5893\u7891\u6807\u8bb0\uff09\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u542f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u52a0\u76d0\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5143\u7d20\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u542f\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u843d\u5ea7\u4e0b\u6807\u5728\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>clear()\uff1a\u5c06 used \u548c fill \u6e05\u96f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u586b\u6ee1 NULL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b Python \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\uff09\u548c \u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002 \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124\/revisions\/125"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cloudnote.cc\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}